Metal clay consists of microscopic particles of silver, copper or gold suspended in an organic binder to create a pliable material with a consistency like modeling clay. 925 sterling, or base clay – you’ll still need to take the shrinkage of the setting into consideration. Key Concept: Fire as hot as you can and as long as you can allowable "for your project" for the strongest most durable end product. See Coupons. Each has specific working properties and advantages. 1. Add to Favorites. 7k) $ 21. Combining the best attributes of modeling clay and milled metal, metal clay can be used to. Two-millimeter faceted gems are approximately 1mm deep from table to culet and can be pushed into a flattened slab of lump clay that is about 4-5 cards thick (1. Sheet metal is one of the main materials used in architectural sculpture today. The controller and ceramic inserts are required for proper. Deluxe Metal Clay Starter Tool Kit with UltraLite Studio Kiln We've included the best. Use Celie Fago's brass tubes for cutting out bezels in the wet clay for stone setting. A curated selection of the best lab created and natural stone for every metal clay project. Refine and smooth the dried slip to any uneven surfaces. Clay Metal Tools and Accessories. Only £44. Price: $903. The carbon firing method that Bill Struve. Combining the best attributes of modeling clay and milled metal, metal clay can be used to create jewelry and decorative objects in an easy and approachable way. 478. Torch firing metal clays is a low cost method of starting creating with metal clay or creating a one of a kind jewelry gift. Roll out a 1 mm slab of metal clay. Skip to content Free Shipping US orders of $125 or more!Metal Clay Template Building For Post Fired Gemstone Setting Online Course Rodi Frunze $37. Cut the clay on an angle to set up for the lap joint. The carbon for Sterling Silver Metal Clay. When using higher-shrinkage metal clay formulas, make the stone settings a little deeper and wider than you would in low-shrinkage clay. We don't just sell metal clays but also the accessories, tools and a large selection of zirconias. Phoenix has excellent, unique working properties and can be fired with a kiln. Sale. 17. Its versatility allows artists to create intricate designs, replicate textures, and explore different oxidation techniques to achieve unique patinas. The elements need to be replaced earlier if a kiln is used frequently. Learn the types of metal casting, the different processes, and how to get started in this beginner's guide to casting. $838. Roll a piece of clay out to 2-cards thick. Art Clay Silver and Precious Metal Clay tools and firing equipment: kilns, texturing tools, burnishers, and several Art Clay formulations. Metal Clay Kilns. Delphi is proud to carry both PMC and Art Clay brands. 6mm or smaller). The basic lost wax casting process involves creating a pattern and a mold, then pouring molten metal into the mold. Only £16. (283) $41. Most of the work to create a mirror finish on metal clay should occur when the unfired work is dry. The cards prevents the roller from making uneven thicknesses. Ready the clay. Metal clay is a jewelry making material that can be used by just about anyone to create jewelry and small decorative objects. Art Clay Silver and Precious Metal Clay tools and firing equipment: kilns, texturing tools, burnishers, and several Art Clay formulations. Cool Tools is your one stop shop for jewelry making tools and supplies. Metal clay distributor selling PMC Silver, PMC Gold, Bronze Clay, Copper Clay, custom stamps for clay and supplies all at discount prices. Learn, explore and imagine Metal Clay Learn how to craft beautiful art jewelry using precious metal clay. This remarkable edition features 14 extraordinary projects to immerse yourself in the uniqueness of specially crafted yarns. It’s very simple – metal clay is a clay like material made up of fine metal particles, an organic binder and water. 999 or Fine Silver. This is a common practice with precious metal clay jewelry and gemstones without heat sensitivity. (This final firing sinters the metal particles) Turn off the kiln and wait until the kiln temperature drops to 200°C (392°F) Take the piece out and wait until the piece cools down completely or leave it until the kiln drops to room temperature. ©Speedy Peacock Photograph. 72. Soft silicone mold of 12 3D coin style of Zodiac signs. The book also includes a 45+ minute DVD where Tammy demonstrates two bonus projects, talks about some of the tools and techniques. PMC Precious Metal Clay Silver Firing Vessel Ceramic Sinter Pan Tray 80x100x45mm, for Sintering Silver Clay Jewelry (773) $ 19. 11. Keep in mind that this requires the ability to hold that temperature for at least 30 mins. That way there is no trouble with distortion between the bezel and the backing. Get fired up with certified silver clay master Cindy Pankopf, author of The Absolute Beginners Guide: Making Metal Clay Jewelry. Apart from this, it’s a good introduction to working with metal. During Holly's first Enriched Sterling 960 Metal Clay test, she set the kiln at 1350ºF ramp, target temperature at 1650ºF for 2 hours (total time in the kiln was about 3 hours and 15 minutes). $15. $141. Torch firing is a great way to get started with working with Fine Silver Metal Clay. If you remove the metal clay from the mold before it is dry, you must be careful not to damage the impression. If you fire copper alone (preferably in carbon), you can go up to 1800°F/980°C and fire for 1:00 hour. Metal Clay Syringes, Art Clay Silver, see variants from $18. Explore All Metal Clay Supplies: We have a great range of metal clay products including Precious Metal Clay (PMC) and Art Clay in clay, paper, syringe, paste form as well as a variety of tools and accessories to add to your collection of. Kiln. Silver metal clay is a greyish white color and comes in packets of various sizes, the largest being around 50 grams. 95. Mold Builder will not stick to metal, clay, ceramics, plaster, wood or plasticene clay. 95. Metal Clay Tools: The Basics – Cards. We do not recommend firing dimensional pieces in this kiln. Delphi Tip: Low fire metal clay and ideal firing range to be combined with Dichroic or Fusible Glass when fired in your glass. The principle ingredient in PMC is tiny metal particles only 20 microns in diameter. The Cool Tools website notes that nano gems are safe to kiln fire in metal clay jewelry up to 1675F/913C when embedded in silver clay heated on an open shelf, except for dark orange and orange stones. (51) $28. Learn the basics of metal clay, a clay-like material that becomes solid metal when fired. Once the clay is dried, it is fired either with a jeweller’s torch or in a kiln. Once fired in a kiln, the binder burns away and the metal particles fuse together. This is the perfect size for creating beads and jewelry in smaller batches, and is a good choice for home, school, a craft workshop, or a jewelry studio. The contents of Metal Clay are nano particles of metal, water, and an organic binder. Powder Pink Autumn Maxi Dangles - Terracotta Pink Long Clay Earrings - Silver Fittings - Patterned Statement Dangles - Botanical Drops. The Alliance for Metal Clay Arts Worldwide (AMCAW) have lots of information for all skill levels in their learning center. 99. Your metal clay will flame for a few seconds as the binder in the clay burns off. Amazing precious metal clay, sold in sealed airtight packages, is made from salvaged precious metals found in household waste such as computers and electronics. Due to the many variables with the many types & colors of glass and various metal clay brands, sales outlets usually recommend PMC3™ or Art Clay® Silver 650. Fits popular heirloom bracelets like Pandora™. Once the clay is dried, it is fired either with a jeweller’s torch or in a kiln. Solid Silver Precious Metal Clay Jewellery Making 'Course in a Box' Full Easy to Follow Instructions and Tools to. Some Benefits. Learn the basics of metal clay, a clay-like material that becomes solid metal when fired. Art Clay Copper is a clay material that you can use to make a wide range of pieces such as jewellery, craft designs, and objects like sculptures and models. Metal Magic Silver Clay is available in 3 three sizes (25, 50 and 100 Gram packs), comes in lump form. The ring uses copper clay and low-shrinkage silver clay to create the unique, organic patterning. The metal will shrink from 20 gauge to 10 gauge after it has been treated. 999 Silver Clay. Metal clay jewelry artists amaze me with their diverse ways of expressing themselves through their medium, and I love scrolling through endless images of their artistry online. These molds are a great way to own the beauty of a. . Well with, between 6 & 12 months of research and sourcing products, I had created a Metal clay made in Australia, first in base metals, with . Here's how to dry metal clay using open air: - Place the metal clay piece on a clean, non-stick surface, such as a Teflon sheet or a ceramic tile. If you are firing at the correct temperature and for the length of time suggested, and your pieces are still brittle and break easily, chances are your Metal Clay kiln is not hot. Check out our metal clay selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our craft supplies & tools shops. 99. $39. Finishing. 00. This page links to resources. Deluxe Metal Clay Starter Tool Kit with Torch & Phoenix Torch Fireable Clay™. Add to Favorites. 10 - $42. AMCAW Tutorial Collections. Metal clay distributor selling PMC Silver, PMC Gold, Bronze Clay, Copper Clay, custom stamps for clay and supplies all at discount prices. Beginner; Advanced; Negative Space Caning; Metal Clay Repoussé and carving. The clay firms up somewhat but staysProduct Description. Metal Clay Jewelry. A medium to medium/high. Objects can be made with simple tools , then they are dried and heated in a small kiln or with a torch. We now offer a growing number of tutorial collections for all levels covering a huge range of techniques. Then pick from the drop-down the appropriate material cut. This clay can be stamped and marked . per page. Sale. $663. Hold the torch about 2cm away from your design, moving the flame in a circular motion around the piece. In Easy Metal Clay, you can learn or refresh metal clay skills with experts such as Hadar Jacobson, Holly Gage, Noel Yovovich, Arlene Mornick, Celie Fago, and more. Carrie Story owns Clay Revolution, a metal clay-oriented business, and is the manufacturer of Five Star Metal Clays. Darlene covers all the tools and supplies you’ll need to enjoy metal clay jewelry making, as well as safety procedures. Metal Clay Basic Tool Kit. So, what is metal clay? The ingredients are just fine. Transform any project with this amazing selection of texture tiles, mats and stamps. Art Clay Silver 7gm Silver Clay. If you do that, wrap the clay back up tightly in cling film and put a baby wipe around the cling film to keep it moist. 00. 5060 or sales@cooltools. Lily kiln. Metal clay can hold such beautiful detailed textures, so transparent enamels are a great way to show off that texture. We'll get you started with information, kits, projects, inspiration and every tool you could. The dish soap acts as a surfactant and lets the water wet the metal, otherwise, it will bead up even if the metal is porous or not sintered. 5mm, 2mm, 2. Now you can duplicate figurines, sculptures and other items with safe, brushable latex rubber. Add to Favorites. What Is It? Precious Metal Clay is a patented material developed by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation of Japan in the early 1990s. Clean, Patina and polish your fired piece. 00. It is possible to leave a straight or slightly curved metal clay prong. Metal Clay with Carrie Story. We promise they will be among your favorite items to work and create with. There is a 9-15% shrinkage factor depending on which clay you use. Membership costs $60 for a year. Others require a single stage firing with the piece buried during the entire firing. Slip might be mixed to. It isn’t residue, it’s the natural surface of the silver before it’s polished. PMC3, PMC Flex, Art Clay Silver 650, and Aussie Metal Clay 999 are four versions that will allow you to experiment with adding fused glass cabochons to your work. Basic pieces can be fired with a jewellers torch (a creme brule torch will do!). Goldie Sampler 3 - Sculptor's Bronze, Sculptor's Copper, Bronze Hard & Bronze Soft. This is what prompted the question of me being able to make metal clay. As long as the kiln can ramp up to the required temperature (as high as 1650 degrees F/900 degrees C) and can hold that temperature for anywhere from 10 minutes to 4 hours, it can be used for firing metal clay. Learn to shape, fire and finish silver metal clay into ornate. Gradually move the flame closer to the silver clay as you make that circular motion. 35 uses. Ring Pendant Bracelet Accessory Object. You can find Certified Aussie Metal Clay Instructors here. 47 USD $7. Instead, grab your good ole’ toaster oven and set it to 350 F. More practically it is a product that feels like clay and behaves like clay. Ready Mold - Allemade. Award-winning artist Lisa Pavelka shares terminology, techniques and safety tips for firing metal clay with a butane torch. For successful torch firing of Fine Silver Metal Clay, you need a well-sintered piece for strength and durability. Choosing the Right Kiln Firing Schedules Kiln Manuals Operating Your Kiln Firing Metal Clay Tips Gemstone. Luxembourg. The UltraLite Studio Kiln is a table top jewelry kiln used to fire FS999™ Fine Silver Clay, EZ960® Sterling Silver Clay, Phoenix Torch Fireable Clay™ and Art Clay Silver. Metal clay is a jewelry making material that can be used by just about anyone to create jewelry and small decorative objects. He won first place in the precious metal clay category at the prestigious 2007 Saul Bell Design Award competition, and his work has appeared in numerous publications, as well as the book 500 Pendants and Lockets. Check out our metal clay book selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our guides & how tos shops. 54 CAD. This material was developed in Japan in the early 1990s, by Dr. SKU: MM-S-25G. 999 silver and 22K gold, often with accents of dichroic and other art glass, porcelain, gemstones, and even pure 24K gold. Metal clay should be easily worked when wet, easily carved when dry, and strong when fired. Barbara will demo the steps to create, dry. Wearing a good particulate mask is always advised when. Tidy Tray - Sanding Tray Large 10"x14". I used a stencil. Remove the clay from the press and roll it into a smooth ball. It was the first base metal clay on the market and also the first to require kiln firing in activated carbon. We know, and work with, what we sell. 51. Reviews. Short video on how easy it is to create stunning fine silver jewelry or sculptures with silverclay. Backed by top notch customer service. Sale. By virtue of added organic binders and water, the clay can be. The tools many of us love the most are within the basics – a fine-pointed awl, a good. 3k) $ 29. Beautiful to work with, nice consistency, good working time without drying,. Allow to cool. A few favorites include silicone-tipped tools, artist paintbrushes, and a water dish. This causes contamination of the metal clay. With Darlene’s help in Torch Firing PMC Introduction Course, you’ll learn to prepare and work with metal clay for best results. 3. Display. 960 silver following shortly afterwards. Metal clay is most often rolled into flat slabs or sheets, textured, and cut into shapes to make individual jewelry elements. It opens the door to making small pieces, earrings, charms, sculptural elements to be added to traditional metalsmithing, and so much more. Welcome to the Cool Tools Learning Center featuring all the tools, resources, and expert advice you need to get started or expand your journey in creating of any type. The drying process is one place where warping can take place. The book includes all the necessary basics of metal clay as well as fourteen hands-on jewelry projects. 00. If you are hooked on metal clay and would like to learn more then do check out the one-year online Diploma in Silver Metal Clay starting in September 2023. per page. Pound the clay hard to break down all the lumps and then grind in a circular motion until you have a fine powder. knows this from experience; she started making jewellery in her guest bedroom several years ago and has since grown Metal Clay into a successful supply company. 00. knows this from experience; she started making jewellery in her guest bedroom several years ago and has since grown Metal Clay into a successful supply company. As Low As $43. Products specifications. Designs smaller than 25 grams can successfully be fired using a butane torch. Also runs silver work, beading, enamelling and jewellery making classes. It is clay – a combination of tiny particles of metal, organic binder, and water. 50. Light your butane hand torch and set to a blue flame. Experience metal clay like never before. Metal Clay Overview. Apply a thin coat of glycerin to the top of the clay. Use small binder particles. 00. Reviews. 99. 00. Electric metal clay kilns are an investment and usually last a long time, so it might be worth buying a more expensive one. Very versatile and great choice for all requirements and purposes. Tweezers - Fine Point Stainless Steel Economy. She has a sunny, optimistic outlook about metal clay’s future. Art Clay Silver can be added to a variety of media: glass, ceramics, porcelain and polymer clay to name a few. Art Clay Silver Clay, Copper and Gold, Goldie Bronze and Iron Clay, Metal Adventure's COPPRclay and BRONZclay. 25 CAD. 00. AMCAW Tutorial Collections. But not just that. This course takes you quickly from beginners level to more advanced projects and techniques with masterclasses taught by world-renowned metal clay artists including Julia Rai,. Metal clay can dry in the end of a syringe tip and make it impossible to extrude the clay. Pieces made from metal clay can be changed into metal objects. Add to Favorites Impression Dies Steel for Jewelry Making Forming Metal or Clay (7. double-cut cutter for powder pastes and metal clay, pastry cutter, polymer clay cutter. Sort by. Mold Builder molds are durable, reusable, and economical to make. Each can be worked the same, using the same tools, yet each type also has its own properties and characteristics. • Longer working time than original, 650, and 650 Slow Dry formulas. Cool Tools collaborated with Lisel Crowley to create a process using a template that eliminates seams in bezels using metal clay. Clay Revolution provides metal clay, metal clay supplies and other related craft making materials. If they don’t cooperate, discard them. Now. 25mm). FREE shipping Add to Favorites Rabbit Silicone Mold, Animal Silicone Mold, Resin, Clay, Epoxy, food grade, Chocolate. Alter the distance of the torch flame from the piece to maintain the glow but not overheat the piece. A round roller will create a flat slab of metal clay. Art Clay Silver 950 clay was launched in September 2016. Beginner; Advanced; Negative Space Caning; Metal Clay Repoussé and carving. Add to cart. Content checked July 2021. ”. Copper Clay was released in November 2018. Class & AMCAW Event Calendar. 5mm) thick, making sure it is also the width of your piece of ceramic. $39. . ( 25)Stamp Aids and Accessories. FYI 999 silver clay Metal clay Fine silver clay 10g 20g 50g pack FYI silver metal clay Precious clay Silver metal clay Pure silver clay (53) $ 36. Drying should happen evenly and gradually. us or give us a call at 888. , and launched in 2008. This book shows novice metal clay artists how to create unique wearable works of art, from concept to completion. For many jewelry makers who have dreamed of working with metal but have had nightmares about using the torch, Metal Clay, also called Precious Metal Clay (PMC) and Art Clay, may be their dream come true. com or kraftfun. Place the protective cover over the metal clay. Cool Tools is your one stop shop for jewelry making tools and supplies. Metal clay is an amazing material which allows complete beginners to create solid silver – or gold, bronze, copper, brass, steel or iron – jewellery quickly and easily. ~ Holly Gage, Metal Clay instructor . We do not recommend firing dimensional pieces in this kiln. That’s it. 4. 95. 28. . About The Crucible: Industrial Arts School in West Oakland. 2. It includes a demonstration of the technique. The molds you make from Mold Builder can be used to make secondry molds of lifecastings, cast. Developed by Cindy Silas, Cyprus Copper Clay is an excellent base metal clay medium for jewelry, crafts, sculpture and models. copper eros ring, silver ring with eros, metal clay ring, copper clay, ring size US 6, mixed metal jewelry, hammered metal, mixed metal ring. PMC Precious Metal Clay Silver Ceramic Kiln Jewelry Making Kit, with Instructions, for Firing Silver Clay Rings & Accessories $46. Picking Your Metal Clay Metal clay, an innovative medium for artists and jewelry makers, offers endless possibilities for creating unique and intricate designs. Fired silver metal clay is porous, though, so be sure to polish the areas you’ll enamel well. A soft bend is a partial circle bend without fracturing and a full bend is a complete circle without fracturing. As you become more proficient, they will become second nature to you. Metal clay can be shaped and textured using inexpensive tools, then fired to become nearly pure precious metal jewelry. Introduction to metal clay, rings and pendants, metal clay certification classes. MCP is a value alternative enabling you to create larger artistic sculpture and maximize profit margin. Prometheus™ Bronze Clay is a claylike material which turns into pure, solid bronze when fired in a kiln. Flexible Clay Kit. It is a clay-like medium comprising tiny particles of metal such as silver, bronze, or copper, mixed with an organic binder and water. To create a bezel setting in metal clay without damaging the stone, use a fine bezel wire and solder it into the bezel as normal. This form of metal clay feels like a sheet of paper, is flexible, and does not dry in the same way or as fast as the other forms of metal clay. This kiln is not recommended for Metal Magic Clay. It can be molded, textured, even turned on a potter’s wheel. ( 5) £69. 3 out of 5 stars 170. Art Clay Silver 10gm Silver Clay. Design precious metal treasures using fine silver clay, sterling silver clay and 22-karat gold clay. Morikawa of the Mitsubishi Company. It has a malleable, clay-like consistency that can be impressed with texture, carved, sculpted, drilled, sawn, and manipulated with various. 00. If your design will allow it, also drill or cut out a small hole at the bottom of each setting for a point-back gemstone. This recovered precious metal is ground to a fine powder and then mixed with a natural binder and water to make a pliable clay that, when fired, turns into solid 22Kt gold or 99. Place dried piece on stainless steel mesh in a pre-heated kiln at 500 C, for 10 minutes. One step fire. Lora Hart, Cindy’s Eye. These templates come in gemstone sizes starting at 6mm. Add to Favorites Resin cutters - Lucky dip sample packs - Polymer clay shape cutters, Gilly cutters, Clay Tools, Clay Supplies (1. Aussie Metal Clays first piece of clay made with “Argentium Silver ” to show the high shine. Deluxe Metal Clay Starter Tool Kit with Torch. Silver clay, art clay silver, metal clay silver, recycled silver, make your own jewellery, silver jewellery making clay, 20g silver clay (27) $ 28. For many jewelry makers who have dreamed of working with metal but have had nightmares about using the torch, Metal Clay, also called Precious Metal Clay. The impact on varying the temperature and times. Many metal clay artists prefer to make an entire design out of metal clay – bezel, backing, and all. This model works well for firing ceramics and metal clays, as well as glaze testing, enameling, glass fusing, and many other functions. You can also buy ready-made paste from metal clay suppliers. Base Metal Clays. 5060 or sales@cooltools. Once done, set the soldered bezel in place while the clay is raw, fire the whole design and then set the stone afterwards once it has cooled down. In beginners training you should also supply a handout with basic information. 925 Sterling. Using the cutting tool, cut the clay into the shape of the jewelry piece you want, or use a mold. Metal Clay Powder is supplied in two parts: a Silver pack and a Binder pack. Remove the circle cutter and use a toothpick or a small straw to make a hole for your jump ring once the piece is finished. Get it Nov 16 - 17. PMC 3 (Precious Metal Clay) combines 90% of microscopic particles of metal with 10% of water and non toxic binder to create a material that can be worked with as easily modeling clay. So if you’d like to try working with silver metal clay to see what its like, then this blog post covers all the basics tools and materials. Breakage is often the first sign. For fine silver that is1650°F for 2 hours (PMC3, Art Clay Silver, Cool Tools FS999, FYI Silver, and Metal Clay Powder*. Art Clay Silver 950(50g). It’s metal – in the form of tiny particles – but it’s also clay, a pliable substance we can mold and sculpt. Here are some ideas for adding recesses to your silver clay designs: Texture mats. Create metal jewelry with exquisite detail. In general, metal clay jewelry components should be no larger than 1-1/2 in diameter (a silver dollar), no more than 25g, and no thicker than four cards thick in order to be fired with a torch. To create a strong metal clay: Use small metal particles, and a mix of sizes. These templates are a quick, easy and economical answer to creating metal clay or polymer clay bezels for. You can get a good kiln for less than $900 (such as the Rio Large Kiln), or if you're willing to spend more to get an all-encompassing kiln you have a $1500+ option, which is the Delphi EZ-Pro Bonnie Glo Kiln. For ALL your metal clay needs: Art Clay World USA, Inc. Petra Cameron of Metal Clay Ltd. 9% silver. Metal clay is an exciting material to work with, but it presents some unique challenges when it comes to making rings. SKU: MM-SS960-25G. Essentially, this is a clay filled with minuscule pieces of a precious metal such as fine silver or gold. 00. 33. While holding the clay blade on an angle, trim the clay. The 6mm green round brilliant nanos and 8mm Asscher-cut purple nano contain the same. Many people are using the so-called 960 blend of half PMC Sterling, half fine silver metal clay (PMC3 or Art Clay Silver) to make a strong clay that can be fired on an open shelf in the kiln. As tutorials are a great way to learn a new technique and advance your metal clay skills, AMCAW has offered free tutorials to our members from our inception. Darlene covers all the tools and supplies you’ll need to enjoy metal clay jewelry making, as well as safety procedures. Some artist desire a binderless pure silver medium for designated projects while others want a versatile clay with almost indefinite shelf life. Figure 3. No Carbon Sterling 960 silver metal clay that features great working time,high detail, exceptional strength and the best price in market. Sale. Deluxe Metal Clay Starter Tool Kit with UltraLite Studio Kiln. While AMCAW is based in the U. Everything you need for jewellery making - metal clay, findings, materials, tools, and equipment. . It includes information about firing gemstones in EZ960 open shelf and in carbon for silver, bronze and copper clay. Metal clay is a material that consists of pure silver and gold material. 999 fine silver. This will help prevent the girdle of the stone from being pushed up above the clay as. This was until we discovered a. 925 sterling silver must be fired in a kiln, in a carbon filled container. We also provide all the metal clay supplies you could possibly need including moulding compound, metal clay moulds, gas. For larger stones, measure the depth of the. 1. Membership costs $60 for a year. Goldie Red Iron™ Powder Clay.